The fear of the Soviet Union and of communism in the EU Member States has historically represented a powerful factor of aggregation and acceleration of the process of European integration in those early beginnings of the first phase of the Cold War. Nevertheless, historiography is slow in exploring the more specific aspects of the Eastern part, still favouring a Western reading. The conference aims above all to fill this historiography gap, but is also meant to overcome the disciplinary limits, creating an interdisciplinary synergy that, by using different methodologies, helps to return a three-dimensional picture of a long-term historical process that still generates crises and conflicts.